Microbiology

The many facets of drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Updated: 2013-08-29 03:44:26

This article summarizes the epidemiology of tuberculosis and presents an appraisal of the currently available phenotypic and genotypic methods for detecting drug resistance. (Source: Clinical Microbiology Newsletter)MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best Christmas presents and January Sales in the UK with this simple shopping directory.

Field efficacy of non‐pathogenic Streptomyces species against potato common scab

Updated: 2013-08-29 02:59:32

ConclusionsAll BC strains significantly reduced CS incidence and severity on “Yukon Gold” in three of four trials, and one BC strain significantly improved the lesion severity profile in cultivar “Atlantic”. No BC strain significantly reduced CS incidence and severity on all potato cultivars in the different years and locations. Significance and Impact of studySeveral non‐pathogenic Streptomyces strains showed potential to reduce CS incidence and severity on two important potato chipping cultivars in the field. These results can be further applied to reduce CS disease severity in potatoes.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Genome‐wide profiling of chromosome interactions in Plasmodium falciparum characterizes nuclear architecture and reconfigurations associated with antigenic variation

Updated: 2013-08-29 02:56:53

Summary Spatial relationships within the eukaryotic nucleus are essential for proper nuclear function. In Plasmodium falciparum, the repositioning of chromosomes has been implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for antigenic variation, and the formation of a single, peri‐nuclear nucleolus results in the clustering of rDNA. Nevertheless, the precise spatial relationships between chromosomes remain poorly understood, because, until recently, techniques with sufficient resolution have been lacking. Here we have used chromosome conformation capture and second‐generation sequencing to study changes in chromosome folding and spatial positioning that occur during switches in var gene expression. We have generated maps of chromosomal spatial affinities within the P....

Cost–benefit of infection control interventions targeting methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: systematic review

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

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Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and PCR‐based rapid diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

Abstract Effective empirical treatment is of paramount importance to improve the outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. We aimed to evaluate a PCR‐based rapid diagnosis of methicillin resistance (GeneXpert MRSA) after early detection of S. aureus bacteraemia using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Patients with a first episode of S. aureus bacteraemia identified using MALDI‐TOF MS were randomized in a prospective interventional open study between October 2010 and August 2012. In the control group, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed after MALDI‐TOF MS identification on blood culture pellets. In the intervention group, a GeneXpert MRSA was performed after S. aureus identification. Th...

Development of the EUCAST Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method and its Implementation in Routine Microbiology Laboratories

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

Cell‐wall‐inhibiting antibiotic combinations with activity against multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best Christmas presents and January Sales in the UK with this simple shopping directory.

Birth, death and horizontal transfer of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster during the evolutionary diversification of Fusarium

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

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Borrelia burgdorferi BbHtrA degrades host ECM proteins and stimulates release of inflammatory cytokines in vitro

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

Summary The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes damage to diverse host tissues and induces inflammation but the mechanisms of injury are poorly understood. We recently reported that a surface‐exposed B. burgdorferi protease, which is expressed during human disease and is conserved within the major Lyme disease spirochete species, degrades the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, aggrecan. Here we demonstrate that BbHtrA also degrades fibronectin and numerous proteoglycans found in skin, joints and neural tissues. BbHtrA degradation of fibronectin released known pro‐inflammatory fibronectin fragments FnIII13‐14 and Fnf‐29 which may amplify the inflammatory processes triggered by the presence of the bacteria. When this hypothesis was tested directly by exposing chondr...

Sphingosine kinase A is a pleiotropic and essential enzyme for Leishmania survival and virulence

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

Summary Sphingosine kinase is a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, catalyzing the conversion of sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine into sphingosine‐1‐phosphate or dihydrosphingosine‐1‐phosphate, respectively. In mammals, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate is a powerful signaling molecule regulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immunity. Functions of sphingosine kinase or sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in pathogenic protozoans are virtually unknown. While most organisms possess two closely‐related sphingosine kinases, only one sphingosine kinase homolog (SKa) can be identified in Leishmania, which are vector‐borne protozoan parasites responsible for leishmaniasis. Leishmania SKa is a large, cytoplasmic enzyme capable of phosphorylating both sphingosine and dihydrosphing...

A molecular switch in the efficiency of translation reinitiation controls expression of var2csa, a gene implicated in pregnancy associated malaria

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

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Contributions of the σW, σM, and σX Regulons to the Lantibiotic Resistome of Bacillus subtilis

Updated: 2013-08-28 04:00:00

Summary In Bacillus subtilis, the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors σM, σW, and σX all contribute to resistance against lantibiotics. Nisin, a model lantibiotic, has a dual mode of action: it inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding lipid II, and this complex also forms pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. These activities can be separated in a nisin hinge‐region variant (N20P M21P) that binds lipid II, but no longer permeabilizes membranes. The major contribution of σM to nisin resistance is expression of ltaSa, encoding a stress‐activated lipoteichoic acid synthase, and σX functions primarily by activation of the dlt operon controlling D‐alanylation of teichoic acids. Together, σM and σX regulate cell envelope structure to decrease access of nisin to its lipid II targe...

Mediastinitis due to Gram‐negative bacteria are associated with increased mortality

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

Detection and distribution of culturable Human Enteroviruses through environmental surveillance in Milan, Italy

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

ConclusionEnvironmental monitoring of HEVs in Milan has proved to be an interesting tool to investigate the circulation and distribution of viruses. Significance and Impact of the StudyThe detection of PV and other NPEV could be predictive of possible re‐emergence of these viruses with an impact on public health. NPEV monitoring could also be a powerful public health tool to investigate the possible role of NPEV in different clinical manifestations. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

CpG7909 adjuvant enhanced immunogenicity efficacy in mice immunized with ESAT6‐Ag85A fusion protein, but does not confer significant protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

ConclusionsCpG7909 is able to enhance immunological effects of Pe685a subunit vaccine, but does not confer significant protective efficacy against Myco. tuberculosis infection. Significance and Impact of the StudyCpG7909 as an adjuvant of subunit vaccine against Myco. tuberculosis is worthy of further investigation. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Interaction of Penicillin‐Binding Protein 2x and Ser/Thr protein kinase StkP, two key players in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 morphogenesis

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

NAIPs recognize type III secretion needle protein [Microbiology]

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

Inflammasome mediated by central nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) protein is critical for defense against bacterial infection. Here we show that type III secretion system (T3SS) needle proteins from several bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Burkholderia spp., can induce robust inflammasome activation... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

Transport of Marburg virus nucleocapsids [Microbiology]

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

Transport of large viral nucleocapsids from replication centers to assembly sites requires contributions from the host cytoskeleton via cellular adaptor and motor proteins. For the Marburg and Ebola viruses, related viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers, the mechanism of nucleocapsid transport remains poorly understood. Here we developed and used live-cell... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best Christmas presents and January Sales in the UK with this simple shopping directory.

Tomography captures flagellar assembly in cells [Microbiology]

Updated: 2013-08-27 04:00:00

In this study, we genetically trapped intermediates in flagellar assembly and determined the 3D structures of the intermediates to 4-nm resolution by cryoelectron tomography. We provide structural evidence that secretion... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

Articles of significant interest selected from this issue by the editors.

Updated: 2013-08-27 02:16:52

Authors: PMID: 23966377 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Editorial board.

Updated: 2013-08-27 02:16:52

Authors: PMID: 23966378 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Caenorhabditis elegans based in vivo screening of bioactives from marine sponge‐associated bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticus

Updated: 2013-08-26 11:26:55

ConclusionsIn vivo screening using C. elegans identified a marine isolate that inhibit the virulence of V. alginolyticus by interrupting the QS pathway. Significance and Impact of the studyThe study provides a C. elegans based in vivo screening method for identifying bioactives from natural resources by overcoming the disadvantages of traditional in vitro plate assays.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Decay of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and bacteriophage on the Phyllosphere and Stored Grains of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Updated: 2013-08-26 11:24:52

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Broad Host Range Plasmids

Updated: 2013-08-26 11:21:56

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best Christmas presents and January Sales in the UK with this simple shopping directory.

Modulation by essential oil of vaccine response and production improvement in chicken challenged with velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

Updated: 2013-08-26 04:00:00

ConclusionsThe results supported the possibility of using the essential oils of Eucalyptus and Peppermint in broilers to immunopotentiate the response to vaccination against velogenic NDV, helping in significant improvement of survival and production. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study provides information about the potential use of essential oils of Eucalyptus and Peppermint that can be exploited as commercial immunopotentiators for protection of NDV‐vaccinated broiler chickens against economic velogenic NDV.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Ear infections: otitis externa and otitis media.

Updated: 2013-08-24 22:40:45

This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis externa and acute otitis media, and will be helpful to primary care physicians who diagnose and treat these common diseases in the clinic. The pathophysiology, microbiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and complications are discussed. PMID: 23958363 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Primary Care)

Impact factors of scientific journals: the new season

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

Mobile genetic elements of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hydrotherapy facility and respiratory infections

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16 and A6 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Spain

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

In conclusion, the recent increase of HFMD cases in Spain and other European countries has been due to a larger incidence of circulating species A enteroviruses, mainly CV‐A6 and CV‐A16 and the emergence of new genetic variants of these viruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best Christmas presents and January Sales in the UK with this simple shopping directory.

Original article: Exposure to Ertapenem is possibly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotics resistance

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

Added value of multiplex Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (xTAG® GPP) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastro‐enteritis

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

Increased incidence of acute Parvovirus B19 infections in Marseille, France, in 2012 compared with the 2002‐2011 period

Updated: 2013-08-24 04:00:00

The Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Preussia sp. Endophytes Isolated from Australian Dry Rainforests.

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia: experience from a non‐endemic urban centre

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

We present a nested case–control analysis of clinical, sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors in patients with positive M. tuberculosis blood cultures compared with patients with negative blood cultures from a 9‐year population‐based active TB surveillance study conducted in Houston, Texas. There were 42 patients with M. tuberculosis bacteraemia, 47 blood culture negative patients and 3573 patients for whom no mycobacterial blood culture was requested. HIV infection was more common in patients for whom a mycobacterial blood culture was requested (79.8% versus 15.1% p <0.001). Of the patients with M. tuberculosis bacteraemia, six were HIV negative or had no documentation of HIV status, including five with immunosuppressive conditions other than HIV. Patients with M. tub...

Efficacy of endodontic applications of ozone and low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma on root canals infected with Enterecoccus faecalis

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

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An attenuated mutant of the Rv1747 ATP‐binding cassette transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a mutant of its cognate kinase, PknF, show increased expression of the efflux pump‐related iniBAC operon

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

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Structure of a Legionella PI-phosphatase, SidP [Microbiology]

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

Skip to main page content Home Current issue Archive Papers in Press Minireviews Reports Classics Reflections Papers of the Week QUICK SEARCH : Author : Keyword : Year : Vol : Page GO Advanced Search Browse the Archive Advertisement Advertisement Identification and Structural Characterization of a Legionella Phosphoinositide Phosphatase Leila Toulabi Xiaochun Wu Yanshu Cheng and Yuxin Mao 1 From the Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed . Tel . 607-255-0783 Fax : 607-255-5961 E-mail : ym253{at cornell.edu : Background Controlling host phosphoinositide metabolism is critical in bacterial infection . : Results A Legionella effector , SidP , has

Contact Sites of Cell Division Proteins FtsB/FtsL on FtsQ [Protein Structure and Folding]

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

Skip to main page content Home Current issue Archive Papers in Press Minireviews Reports Classics Reflections Papers of the Week QUICK SEARCH : Author : Keyword : Year : Vol : Page GO Advanced Search Browse the Archive Advertisement Advertisement Fine-mapping the Contact Sites of the Escherichia coli Cell Division Proteins FtsB and FtsL on the FtsQ Protein H . Bart van den Berg van Saparoea Marjolein Glas Ingrid G . W . H . Vernooij Wilbert Bitter Tanneke den Blaauwen and Joen Luirink 1 From the Section of Molecular Microbiology , Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Amsterdam Institute of Molecules , Medicines and Systems , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands and Bacterial Cell Biology , Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences , Faculty of Science ,

Bacterial d-Glucuronyl C5-epimerase Activity [Microbiology]

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

Skip to main page content Home Current issue Archive Papers in Press Minireviews Reports Classics Reflections Papers of the Week QUICK SEARCH : Author : Keyword : Year : Vol : Page GO Advanced Search Browse the Archive Advertisement Advertisement A Novel Bacterial Enzyme with d Glucuronyl C5-epimerase Activity John Raedts Magnus Lundgren Servé W . M . Kengen Jin-Ping Li 1 2 and John van der Oost 1 3 From the Laboratory of Microbiology , Wageningen University , 6703 HB Wageningen , The Netherlands and the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala , Sweden 2 To whom correspondence may be addressed . Tel . 46-18-4714241 Fax : 46-18-4714209 E-mail : jin-ping.li{at imbim.uu.se 3 To whom correspondence may be

Stably bridging a great divide: localization of the SpoIIQ landmark protein in Bacillus subtilis

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

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Metabolic adaptations of Leishmania donovani in relation to differentiation, drug resistance, and drug pressure

Updated: 2013-08-23 04:00:00

Summary Antimonial (sodium stibogluconate, SSG) resistance and differentiation have been shown to be closely linked in Leishmania donovani, with SSG‐resistant strains showing an increased capacity to generate infectious (metacyclic) forms. This is the first untargeted LC‐MS metabolomics study which integrated both phenomena in one experimental design and provided insights into metabolic differences between three clinical L. donovani strains with a similar genetic background but different SSG‐susceptibilities. We performed this analysis at different stages during promastigote growth and in the absence or presence of drug pressure. When comparing SSG‐resistant and SSG‐sensitive strains, a number of metabolic changes appeared to be constitutively present in all growth stages, pointi...

Isolation and characterization of a novel agar-degrading marine bacterium, Gayadomonas joobiniege, from the Southern Sea, Korea.

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

Role of Gordonia sp JAAS1 in biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and its hydrolysing metabolite 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

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The arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus irregulare controls the mycotoxin production of Fusarium sambucinum in the pathogenesis of Potato

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Super‐XDR Isolates of M. tuberculosis from China

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

From the Flavobacterium genus to the phylum Bacteroidetes: genomic analysis of dnd gene clusters

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

A nucleolar AAA‐NTPase is required for parasite division.

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

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A role for the DtxR family of metalloregulators in gram‐positive pathogenesis

Updated: 2013-08-22 04:00:00

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[Correspondence] Selective digestive decontamination and bacterial resistance – Authors' reply

Updated: 2013-08-22 00:58:55

de la Cal and colleagues mainly reiterate previously published comments. In regards to the efficacy of selective digestive decontamination in intensive-care units, we stated that the microbiological effect is obvious, but that the benefits for major infection and survival are less clear. We are aware that there are 66 trials (and 11 meta-analyses), but not all of these studies are of a high standard and adequate power. The number of trials done so far supports our statement that the benefit is still debatable. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)