• Use of the kinase inhibitor analog 1NM-PP1 reveals a role for Toxoplasma gondii CDPK1 in the invasion step.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:25
    Related Articles Use of the kinase inhibitor analog 1NM-PP1 reveals a role for Toxoplasma gondii CDPK1 in the invasion step. Eukaryot Cell. 2010 Feb 19; Authors: Sugi T, Kato K, Kobayashi K, Watanabe S, Kurokawa H, Gong H, Pandey K, Takemae H, Akashi H Toxoplasma gondii CDPK1 (TgCDPK1) was found to be the target of the toxoplasmocidal compound, 1NM-PP1. When TgCDPK1 was mutated at position 128 from glycine to methionine, resistance was gained. Inhibition of gliding motility without inhibition of micronemal secretion by 1NM-PP1 suggests a function for TgCDPK1 in gliding motility. PMID: 20173034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Mapping of Vps21 and HOPS binding sites in Vps8 and effect of binding site mutants on endocytic trafficking.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:24
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Metabolic and developmental effects resulting from deletion of the citA gene encoding citrate synthase in Aspergillus nidulans.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:23
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Investigation of food and environmental exposures relating to the epidemiology of Campylobacter coli in humans in Northwest England.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:17
    . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Carboxylate transporter gene JEN1 from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is involved in conidiation and virulence.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:16
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Identification of catechin as one of the flavonoids from Combretum albiflorum bark extract that reduces the production of quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:15
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Effect of glycosylation and additional domains on the thermostability of a family 10 xylanase produced by Thermopolyspora flexuosa.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:14
    . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Phage therapy to reduce preprocessing Salmonella infections in market-weight swine.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:13
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Insights into the evolution of macrolactam biosynthesis through cloning and comparative analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for a novel macrocyclic lactam, ML-449.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:11
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • Contribution of microbial activity to carbon chemistry in clouds.

    Updated: 2010-02-28 00:41:10
    . . : Warning The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function . more . Resources All Resources Literature Bookshelf Journals Database MeSH PubMed PubMed Central All Literature Resources… DNA RNA BankIt BLAST GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus Nucleotide Database PopSet Reference Sequence RefSeq Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive All DNA RNA Resources… Proteins BLAST BLAST Link BLink Conserved Domain Search Service CD Search GenBank Protein Protein Clusters Reference Sequence RefSeq All Proteins Resources… Sequence Analysis BLAST BLAST Stand-alone BLAST Link BLink GenBank Genome Workbench Influenza Virus All Sequence Analysis Resources… Genes Expression GenBank Gene Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Datasets Gene Expression Omnibus GEO Profiles Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniGene All Genes Expression Resources… Genomes GenBank Genome Genome Project Influenza Virus Map Viewer Nucleotide Database Sequence Read Archive SRA Trace Archive UniSTS All Genomes Resources… Maps Markers Genome Genome Workbench Map Viewer UniSTS All Maps Markers Resources… Domains Structures Cn3D Conserved Domain Database CDD Conserved Domain Search

  • supressor gene

    Updated: 2010-02-27 06:50:18
    which method used for ACTIVATION FOR BRAIN TUMOUR SUPRESSOR GENE?

  • cv

    Updated: 2010-02-27 06:46:59
    M. PRABAKARAN 57/31, Bharathiyar Street, West Ambikapuram, Thiruchirapalli – 620 004, Tamilnadu, India. Mob : 9788381384 Email: praba.lifescience@gmail.com Rationale Innovative and productive contribution to the scientific community with a view for human welfare and development. Enthusiastic and willing to expertise in the work arena and reach highest echelons in the concern. Academic Qualification Year In...

  • Removal of human enteric viruses and indicator microorganisms from domestic wastewater by aerated lagoons

    Updated: 2010-02-26 15:41:25
    The objective of the current study was to evaluate, for... (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)

  • Transcriptional regulation of histidine biosynthesis genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum

    Updated: 2010-02-26 15:41:25
    Samil Jung, Jae-Yeon Chun, Sei-Heun Yim, Soo-Suk Lee, Choong-Il Cheon, Eunsook Song, and Myeong-Sok Lee - Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive bacterium, has been widely used for industrial amino acid production. Corynebacterium glutamicum his genes are located and transcribed in two unlinked... (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)

  • Conference Update: Food Microbiology

    Updated: 2010-02-25 23:00:00
    August 30 - September 3, 2010 22nd International ICFMH Symposium, Food Micro 2010Copenhagen, Denmark Further informationSpecial emphasis will be on how microbes respond to changes in their environment and the congress will address applied and fundamental aspects of microbial behaviour in: Food fermentation and spoilage, Adverse environments, Risk assessment, Food production, The intestinal tractSuggested reading: Environmental Microbiology Books (Source: Microbiology Blog: The weblog for microbiologists.)

  • Conference Update: Harnessing The Power of Microbes

    Updated: 2010-02-25 23:00:00
    October 4 - 7, 2010 Harnessing The Power of Microbes for Better Food, Agro-industry, Health and EnvironmentBogor, Indonesia Further informationInternational Seminar of the Indonesian Society for Microbiology. The seminar aims to provide a platform for international microbiologists, biotechnologists, policy makers and the private sector to interact and exchange the latest ideas and techniques in microbiology and biotechnologySuggested reading: Environmental Molecular Microbiology (Source: Microbiology Blog: The weblog for microbiologists.)

  • Genome Study Shows How Strep Throat Germ Circumvents Our Immune System

    Updated: 2010-02-25 17:50:19
    Story Summary: Results were published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). In the United States, the human bacterial pathogen group A streptococcus causes an estimated 30 million cases of strep throat annually and also causes rheumatic fever that damages the heart. Advances in genome-wide analyses occurring in the last decade [...] Related posts:Chain Reaction Of The Immune System Frozen Imaging study shows HIV particles assembling around genome of infected cell Imaging Study Shows HIV Particles Assembling Around Its Genome

  • Biologists discover how biological clock controls cell division in bacteria

    Updated: 2010-02-25 13:12:19
    Story Summary: Using time-lapse microscopy, Golden and her colleagues discovered that the clock proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC in bacteria control the action of a key protein called FtsZ, preventing it from going to the middle of the cell and forming a ring necessary for cell division. There are two cycles, the cell cycle and [...] Related posts:Biological Clocks Control Cell Division in Bacteria Biologists Discover Missing Piece of Plant Clock Clue to mystery of how biological clock operates on 24-hour cycle

  • Complete Genomics Announces New Customers and Substantial Orders for Its Large-Scale Human Genome Sequencing Service

    Updated: 2010-02-25 06:15:19
    Home About Archives Science Bookstore Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us ADVERTISMENT ADVERTISMENT Tags california company high performance human genome schizophrenia validation Complete Genomics Announces New Customers and Substantial Orders for Its Large-Scale Human Genome Sequencing Service Posted on 25 February 2010 06:15 by Alfie VN:F 1.8.1_1037 please wait . Rating : 0.0 5 0 votes cast Story : Summary Complete Genomics now has more than 30 customers and a strong pipeline with booked orders exceeding 500 human genomes . Its new customers , which range from academic institutions and genome centers to pharmaceutical companies , include Eli Lilly , the University of North Carolina , the Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia , Institute of Cancer Research UK , Academic Medical Center AMC University of Amsterdam , and the Department of Bioinformatics , Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam , the Netherlands . We were impressed with the quality of the finished sequences and variant data that Complete Genomics was able to deliver for our five pilot human genomes , allowing our scientists

  • Evaluation of the biocompatibile ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite pretreatment of corn cob for improved saccharification.

    Updated: 2010-02-24 23:00:00
    In conclusion, the IL [Mmim]DMP shows promise as green pretreatment solvent for cellulosic materials. PMID: 20182710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology)

  • Modulation of iron homeostasis in macrophages by bacterial intracellular pathogens

    Updated: 2010-02-24 23:00:00
    Conclusion: The distinction between two different phenotypes of iron utilization by intracellular pathogens will allow further characterization and understanding of host-cell iron metabolism and its modulation by intracellular bacteria. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

  • Comparative genomics of VirR regulons in Clostridium perfringens strains

    Updated: 2010-02-24 23:00:00
    Conclusions: In this work we exploited available experimental informationconcerning the targets of the VirR toxin regulator in one C.perfringens strain to obtain plausible predictions concerningtarget genes in genomes and plasmids of nearby strains. Ourpredictions are available for wet-lab researchers working on lesscharacterized C. perfringens strains that can thus designfocused experiments reducing the search space of their experimentsand increasing the probability of characterizing positive targetswith less efforts. Main result was that the VirR regulon isvariable in different C. perfringens strains with 4 genescontrolled in all but one strains and most genes controlled in oneor two strains only. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

  • Identification of bacterial pathogens in pediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection using a simplified procedure of sputum sampling and examination: comparison between hospitalized children with and without underlying diseases

    Updated: 2010-02-24 05:49:59
    Abstract nbsp;The aim of this study is to confirm the usefulness of sputum sampling from the hypopharynx through the nose to identify causative bacteria of pediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (CA-LRTI) and compare its features between the patients with and without underlying diseases. A retrospective study was performed on 244 pediatric patients hospitalized for CA-LRTI of suspected bacterial etiology. Sputum sample was obtained from these patients by aspirating airway secretion through the nose or the tracheostomy orifice, or coughing up by themselves. Sputum samples were assessed as suitable in 119 (74.4%) of 160 patients with CA-LRTI of suspected pure bacterial etiology. Ninety-six (70.1%) of 137 samples suctioned from the hypopharynx through the n...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Perspectives of engineering lactic acid bacteria for biotechnological polyol production.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Monedero V, Pérez-Martínez G, Yebra MJ Polyols are sugar alcohols largely used as sweeteners and they are claimed to have several health-promoting effects (low-caloric, low-glycemic, low-insulinemic, anticariogenic, and prebiotic). While at present chemical synthesis is the only strategy able to assure the polyol market demand, the biotechnological production of polyols has been implemented in yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of microorganisms particularly suited for polyol production as they display a fermentative metabolism associated with an important redox modulation and a limited biosynthetic capacity. In addition, LAB participate in food fermentation processes, where in situ production of polyols during fermentation may be use...

  • Repeated batch fermentation from raw starch using a maltose transporter and amylase expressing diploid yeast strain.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Yamakawa SI, Yamada R, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Kondo A We successfully demonstrated batch ethanol fermentation repeated ten times from raw starch with high ethanol productivity. We constructed a yeast diploid strain coexpressing the maltose transporter AGT1, alpha-amylase, and glucoamylase. The introduction of AGT1 allows maltose and maltotriose fermentation as well as the improvement of amylase activities. We also found that alpha-amylase activity during fermentation was retained by the addition of 10 mM calcium ion and that the highest alpha-amylase activity was 9.26 U/ml during repeated fermentation. The highest ethanol productivity was 2.22 g/l/h at the fourth batch, and after ten cycles, ethanol productivity of more than 1.43 g/l/h was retained, as was alpha-amylase activity a...

  • Polyphosphate/ATP-dependent NAD kinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum: biochemical properties and impact of ppnK overexpression on lysine production.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Lindner SN, Niederholtmeyer H, Schmitz K, Schoberth SM, Wendisch VF Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is synthesized by phosphorylation of either oxidized or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH). Here, the cg1601/ppnK gene product from Corynebacterium glutamicum genome was purified from recombinant Escherichia coli and enzymatic characterization revealed its activity as a polyphosphate (PolyP)/ATP-dependent NAD kinase (PPNK). PPNK from C. glutamicum was shown to be active as homotetramer accepting PolyP, ATP, and even ADP for phosphorylation of NAD. The catalytic efficiency with ATP as phosphate donor for phosphorylation of NAD was higher than with PolyP. With respect to the chain length of PolyP, PPNK was active with short-chain PolyPs. PPNK a...

  • Cell surface properties of five polycyclic aromatic compound-degrading yeast strains.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Deng Y, Zhang Y, Hesham AE, Liu R, Yang M To investigate the effects of physiological properties on polycyclic aromatic compound (PAH) degradation, the surface tension and emulsification activities, and cell surface hydrophobicity of five PAH-degrading yeast isolates were compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae from cultures grown with glucose, hexadecane, or naphthalene as carbon sources. The cell surface hydrophobicity values for the five yeast strains were significantly higher than for S. cerevisiae for all culture conditions, although these were highest with hexadecane and naphthalene. Strains with higher hydrophobicity showed higher rates of naphthalene and phenanthrene degradation, indicating that increased cell hydrophobicity might be an important strategy in PAH degradati...

  • Construction of a BmNPV polyhedrin-plus Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system for application in silkworm, Bombyx mori.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Xiang X, Yang R, Yu S, Cao C, Guo A, Chen L, Wu X, Cui W, Cenis JL The baculovirus expression vector system is one of the most powerful and versatile eukaryotic expression systems available. However, as the recombinant baculovirus is usually generated by replacing the foreign gene into the polyhedrin locus, the resulting polyhedrin-negative virus is less infectious to the host larvae when administered via oral ingestion. This limits the large-scale production of the recombinant protein, as the host larvae can only be inoculated through dorsal injection, which is a laborious task. In this paper, we describe a new Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus polyhedrin-plus Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system for application in silkworm, B. mori. In this system, the foreign gene and th...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Constructing multispecies biofilms with defined compositions by sequential deposition of bacteria.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Stubblefield BA, Howery KE, Islam BN, Santiago AJ, Cardenas WE, Gilbert ES Rationally-assembled multispecies biofilms could benefit applied processes including mixed waste biodegradation and drug biosynthesis by combining complementary metabolic pathways into single functional communities. We hypothesized that the cellular composition of mature multispecies biofilms could be manipulated by controlling the number of each cell type present on newly colonized surfaces. To test this idea, we developed a method for attaching specific numbers of bacteria to a flow cell by recirculating cell suspensions. Initial work revealed a nonlinear relationship between suspension cell density and areal density when two strains of Escherichia coli were simultaneously recirculated; in contrast, s...

  • Inhibition of oxidative stress-induced amyloid beta formation in NT2 neurons by culture filtrate of a strain of Streptomyces antibioticus.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Eftekharzadeh B, Hamedi J, Mohammadipanah F, Khodagholi F, Maghsoudi N, Klenk HP Actinomycetes isolated from Iran soil habitats were tested for the capacity to produce compounds which can protect neurons from cell death generated by oxidative stress in NT2 neurons. Confirmation of our initial hit was accomplished via the determination of amyloid beta level using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The most interesting amyloid beta formation inhibitor discovered in our study was a secondary metabolite which was produced by strain HM45. This bioactive strain was identified as a strain of Streptomyces antibioticus DSM 40234 using polyphasic approach. The strain HM45 was deposited in Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen as S. antibioticus DSM 41955 and Un...

  • Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Background: Coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder caused by an aberrant immune response to dietary gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. Mucosal immune response through IgA secretion constitutes a first line of defence responsible for neutralizing noxious antigens and pathogens. The aim of this study was the characterization of the relationships between immunoglobulin-coated bacteria and bacterial composition in faeces of coeliac disease (CD) patients, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD) and healthy controls. Results: IgA-coated faecal bacterial levels were significantly lower in both untreated and treated CD patients than in healthy controls. IgG and IgM-coated bacterial levels were also significantly lower in treated CD patients t...

  • Novel green sulfur bacteria phylotypes detected in saline environments: ecophysiological characters versus phylogenetic taxonomy.

    Updated: 2010-02-23 23:00:00
    Authors: Triadó-Margarit X, Vila X, Abella CA The taxonomic significance of salt tolerance or requirements in green sulfur bacteria has been analyzed with environmental populations and enrichment cultures from several saline systems (inland and coastal water bodies) with different salinities (salt composition and concentration). Novel phylotypes of green sulfur bacteria have been found in hypersaline and brackish environments and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis affiliated them into phylogenetic groups in which neither halotolerant nor halophilic species have been known to date. Therefore, salt tolerance does not seem to be restricted to members of any specific subgroup but is widespread among all the different phylogenetic branches of the green sulfur bacteria group, and closely-r...

  • New Influenza Book

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    The new book "Influenza: Molecular Virology" edited by Qinghua Wang and Yizhi Jane Tao has been just been published and is available for immediate dispatch read more ...Influenza: Molecular Virology Edited by: Qinghua Wang and Yizhi Jane TaoISBN: 978-1-904455-57-8Publisher: Caister Academic PressPublication Date: February 2010Cover: Hardback read more ... (Source: Microbiology Blog: The weblog for microbiologists.)

  • Enantioselective hydrolysis of (R)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide by immobilized cells of an R-amidase-producing bacterium, Delftia tsuruhatensis CCTCC M 205114, on an alginate capsule carrier.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Wang YS, Zheng RC, Xu JM, Liu ZQ, Cheng F, Feng ZH, Liu LL, Zheng YG, Shen YC Immobilized cells of Delftia tsuruhatensis CCTCC M 205114 harboring R-amidase were applied in asymmetric hydrolysis of (R)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide (R - 1) from racemic (R, S)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide to accumulate (S)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxamide (S - 1). Maximum R-amidase activity of 13.1 U/g wet cells (0.982 U/g beads) was obtained under conditions of 3% sodium alginate, 2.5% CaCl(2), 15 h crosslinking and 2 mm bead size, which was 53.9% of that of free cells (24.3 U/g wet cells). In addition, characterization of the immobilized cells was examined. The optimum R - 1 hydrolysis conditions were identified as follows: substrate concentration 10 mM, pH 8.5, temperatu...

  • S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and antibiotic biosynthesis: effect of external addition of SAM and of overexpression of SAM biosynthesis genes on novobiocin production in Streptomyces.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Zhao XQ, Gust B, Heide L The production of antibiotics in different Streptomyces strains has been reported to be stimulated by the external addition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and by overexpression of the SAM synthetase gene metK. We investigated the influence of SAM addition, and of the expression of SAM biosynthetic genes, on the production of the aminocoumarin antibiotic novobiocin in the heterologous producer strain Streptomyces coelicolor M512 (nov-BG1). External addition of SAM did not influence novobiocin accumulation. However, overexpression of a SAM synthase gene stimulated novobiocin formation, concomitant with an increase of the intracellular SAM concentration. Streptomyces genomes contain orthologs of all genes required for the SAM cycle known from mammals. In c...

  • Development of a simple fed-batch process for the high-yield production of recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus protein.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Tripathi NK, Shukla J, Biswal KC, Lakshmana Rao PV Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the leading causes of acute encephalopathy affecting children and adolescents in the tropics. Optimization of media was carried out for enhanced production of recombinant JE virus envelope domain III (EDIII) protein in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, batch and fed-batch cultivation process in E. coli was also developed in optimized medium. Expression of this protein in E. coli was induced with 1 mM isopropyl-beta-thiogalactoside and yielded an insoluble protein aggregating to form inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8 M urea, and the protein was purified under denaturing conditions using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. After fed-batch cultivation, the recombinant E. co...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Cloning and characterization of a thermostable xylitol dehydrogenase from Rhizobium etli CFN42.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Tiwari MK, Moon HJ, Jeya M, Lee JK An NAD(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase from Rhizobium etli CFN42 (ReXDH) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,044 bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 347 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 35,858 Da. The ReXDH protein was purified as an active soluble form using GST affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 34 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and approximately 135 kDa with gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is a homotetramer. Among various polyols, xylitol was the preferred substrate of ReXDH with a K (m) = 17.9 mM and k(cat) /K (m) = 0.5 mM(-1...

  • Assessment of saccharification efficacy in the cellulase system of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Tewalt J, Schilling J Brown rot fungi uniquely degrade wood by creating modifications thought to aid in the selective removal of polysaccharides by an incomplete cellulase suite. This naturally successful mechanism offers potential for current bioprocessing applications. To test the efficacy of brown rot cellulases, southern yellow pine wood blocks were first degraded by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Characterization of the pine constituents revealed brown rot decay patterns, with selective polysaccharide removal as lignin compositions increased. G. trabeum liquid and solid state cellulase extracts, as well as a commercial Trichoderma reesei extract (Celluclast 1.5 L), were used to saccharify this pretreated material, using beta-glucosidas...

  • Integrated photocatalytic-biological reactor for accelerated phenol mineralization.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Zhang Y, Wang L, Rittmann BE An integrated photocatalytic-biological reactor (IPBR) was developed for accelerated phenol degradation and mineralization. In the IPBR, photodegradation and biodegradation occurred simultaneously, but in two separated zones: a piece of mat-glass plate coated with TiO(2) film and illuminated by UV light was connected by internal circulation to a honeycomb ceramic that was the biofilm carrier for biodegradation. This arrangement was designed to give intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation. Phenol degradation was investigated by following three protocols: photocatlysis with TiO(2) film under ultraviolet light, but no biofilm (photodegradation); biofilm biodegradation with no UV light (biodegradation); and simultaneous photodegradation ...

  • Genome mining approach for the discovery of novel cytochrome P450 biocatalysts.

    Updated: 2010-02-22 23:00:00
    Authors: Furuya T, Kino K Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are able to regioselectively and stereoselectively introduce oxygen into organic compounds under mild reaction conditions. These monooxygenases in particular easily catalyze the insertion of oxygen into less reactive carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hence, P450s are of considerable interest as oxidation biocatalysts. To date, although several P450s have been discovered through screening of microorganisms and have been further genetically engineered, the substrate range of these biocatalysts is still limited to fulfill the requirements for a large number of oxidation processes. On the other hand, the recent rapid expansion in the number of reported microbial genome sequences has revealed the presence of an unexpectedly vast number of P450 ...

  • How Bacteria Infect the Body and Cause Disease

    Updated: 2010-02-22 22:55:56
    Bacteria in the body do not indicate disease is present. Many types of bacteria are beneficial. But when they get in the wrong area, or overpopulate, illness can result.

  • PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS OF A {beta}-DEFENSIN DERIVATIVE WITH POTENT BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Reynolds NL, De Cecco M, Taylor K, Stanton C, Kilanowski F, Kalapothakis J, Seo E, Uhrin D, Campopiano D, Govan J, Macmillan D, Barran P, Dorin JR beta-defensins are known to be both antimicrobial and able to chemoattract various immune cells. Although the sequences of paralogous genes are not highly conserved, the core-defensin structure is retained. Defb14-1C(V) has similar bactericidal activity to its parent peptide (murine beta-defensin Defb14) despite all but one of the canonical six cysteines being substituted with alanines. The twenty three amino acid N-terminal half of Defb14-1C(V) is a potent antimicrobial where the C-terminal region half is not. Here we use a library of peptide derivatives to demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity can be localised to a particula...

  • Involvement of the beta subunit of RNA polymerase in resistance to streptolydigin and streptovaricin in the producer organisms Streptomyces lydicus and Streptomyces spectabilis.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Núñez LE, Méndez C, Salas JA Streptomyces lydicus NRRL2433 and S. spectabilis NRRL2494 produce two inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase: the 3-acyltetramic acid streptolydigin and the naphthalenic ansamycin streptovaricin, respectively. Both strains are highly resistant to their own antibiotics. Independent expression of S. lydicus and S. spectabilis rpoB and rpoC genes, encoding the beta- and beta'-subunits of RNA polymerase respectively, in S. albus showed that resistance is mediated by rpoB with no effect of rpoC. Within the beta-subunit, resistance was confined to an amino acid region harboring the "rif region". Comparison of the beta-subunit amino acid sequences of this region from the producer strains and those of other streptomyc...

  • Comparative Activity of TR-700 (Torezolid) Against Staphylococcal Blood Isolates Collected in Spain.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Betriu C, Morales G, Rodríguez-Avial I, Culebras E, Gómez M, López-Fabal F, Picazo JJ The in vitro activity of TR-700 (torezolid) was evaluated against a collection of 660 staphylococcal blood isolates. TR-700 showed excellent activity against all the staphylococci tested. The MIC50/MIC90 values of TR-700, linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were 0.25/0.5, 2/4, 0.5/0.5, and 1/2 mug/ml, respectively. TR-700 demonstrated greater in vitro potency than linezolid against staphylococci, including linezolid-resistant and vancomycin-nonsusceptible strains and was 32-fold more active than linezolid against the 7 cfr-positive MRSA strains tested. PMID: 20176900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Immunotherapy Markedly Increases the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Therapy for Treatment of Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Propst KL, Troyer RM, Kellihan LM, Schweizer HP, Dow SW Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil bacterium endemic to southeast Asia and northern Australia that can cause both acutely lethal pneumonia as well as chronic systemic infections in humans. Effective treatment of infection with B. pseudomallei requires rapid diagnosis and prolonged treatment with high doses of antimicrobials, and even with appropriate antibiotic therapy, patient relapse is common. Thus, new approaches to treat B. pseudomallei infection are needed. In the present study, we asked whether active immunotherapy with IFN-gamma, a key cytokine regulating intracellular replication of B. pseudomallei, could increase the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapy for B. pseudomallei infection. Macrophage i...

  • Discovery and Characterization of Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Aiello D, Williams JD, Majgier-Baranowska H, Patel I, Peet NP, Huang J, Lory S, Bowlin TL, Moir DT The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a clinically important virulence mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that secretes and translocates up to four protein toxin effectors into human cells, facilitating the establishment and dissemination of infections. To discover inhibitors of this important virulence mechanism, we developed two cellular reporter assays and applied them to a library of 80,000 compounds. The primary screen was based on the dependence of transcription of T3SS operons on T3SS-mediated secretion of a negative regulator and consisted of a transcriptional fusion of the Photorhabdus luminescens lux CDABE operon to the P. aeruginosa exoT effector gene. Secondary ass...

  • Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis and Anti-inflammatory Activities of A-Type Cranberry Proanthocyanidins.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    We examined the effects of AC-PACs on P. gingivalis growth and biofilm formation, adherence to human oral epithelial cells and protein-coated surfaces, collagenase activity, and invasiveness. We also tested the ability of AC-PACs to modulate the P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory response by human oral epithelial cells. Our results showed that while AC-PACs neutralized all the virulence properties of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent fashion, they did not interfere with growth. They also inhibited the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), but did not affect the secretion of IL-6 by epithelial cells stimulated with P. gingivalis. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 pathway. ...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Fluorescence Microscopy Demonstrates Enhanced Targeting of Telavancin to the Division Septum of Staphylococcus aureus.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Lunde CS, Rexer CH, Hartouni SR, Axt S, Benton BM The cellular binding patterns of fluorescent conjugates of telavancin and vancomycin were evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus using fluorescence microscopy and ratio imaging analysis. Telavancin showed enhanced binding at the division septum compared to vancomycin. This result is consistent with observations that telavancin binds with higher affinity to lipid II than D-Ala-D-Ala residues in cell wall, thus demonstrating the preferential binding of telavancin to the site of active cell wall biosynthesis. PMID: 20176907 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

  • Pharmacokinetics of Cefotaxime and Desacetylcefotaxime in Infants during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    In conclusion, the standard cefotaxime dose regimen provides sufficiently long periods of supra-MIC concentrations to provide adequate treatment of infants on ECMO. PMID: 20176908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

  • Characterization of CEM-101 Activity Against Gram-Positive Organisms.

    Updated: 2010-02-21 23:00:00
    Authors: Woosley LN, Castanheira M, Jones RN In vitro activity of CEM-101, a new fluoroketolide, was determined against Gram-positive organisms with various macrolide susceptibility profiles. Experiments for determination of MIC and MBC, timed-killing, single-step and multistep mutation rates, erythromycin induction of resistance, post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and drug interactions were performed for CEM-101 and results compared to telithromycin, macrolides and lincosamides. CEM-101 MBC results remained overall lower than those of telithromycin and CEM-101 displayed a two-fold greater potency compared the ketolide. Timed-killing curve testing resulted in CEM-101 having greater bactericidal activity than telithromycin (>/=3 log10 CFU/ml decrease of initial inoculum at 24 hours) for th...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Monitoring the impact of hydrocarbon contamination and nutrient addition on microbial density, activity, and diversity in soil

    Updated: 2010-02-20 15:36:55
    Mira Taok, Joana Mundo, Claude Olivier Sarde, Olivier Schoefs, and Nelly Cochet - The development of optimal in situ bioremediation strategies requires a better knowledge of their impact on the soil microbial communities. We have evaluated the impact... (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Mining of genomic databases to identify novel biodesulfurizing microorganisms.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    In this study an in silico method to identify new biodesulfurizing microorganisms was adopted. By screening the available genomic databases, 13 novel desulfurizing microorganisms belonging to 12 genera were identified. Several of these could be of immense utility as they have both environment pollutant and industrial waste degrading capability. PMID: 20174959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology)

  • Structural evaluation of new human polyomaviruses provides clues to pathobiology.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    Authors: Johnson EM In the past three years, remarkable discoveries have added three new human polyomaviruses (KI virus (KIV), WU virus (WUV) and Merkel cell virus (MCV)) to a class that previously had only two disease-causing members (BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV)) identified. Two monkey polyomaviruses, simian virus (SV)40 and B-cell lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV) are also present in humans. KIV and WUV lack the agnoprotein coding sequence and regulatory micro (mi)RNA clusters of BKV, JCV and SV40. MCV lacks the agnoprotein sequence but generates miRNAs. KIV, WUV and MCV are all widespread in humans. Although they have distinctive tissue tropisms, all these viruses are probably acquired in childhood. Of these viruses, only MCV has thus far been strongly linked to cancer. Marshall...

  • Alteration of flagellar phenotype of Escherichia coli strain P12b, the standard type strain for flagellar antigen H17, possessing a new non-fliC flagellin gene flnA, and possible loss of original flagellar phenotype and genotype in the course of subculturing through semisolid media.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    Authors: Ratiner YA, Sihvonen LM, Liu Y, Wang L, Siitonen A A practically important phenomenon, resulting in the loss of the original flagellar phenotype (genotype) of bacteria, is described in the Escherichia coli H17 type strain P12b possessing two distinct genes for H17 and H4 flagellins, respectively. By PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic investigation, the H17 gene (originally expressed) was considered a new non-fliC flagellin gene and assigned flnA, while the H4 gene (originally cryptic) was reaffirmed as fliC. H17 and H4 flagella differed morphologically. The phenomenon consisted in the replacement of H17 cells by H4 cells during subculturing through certain semisolid media and resulted from the excision of flnA (H17) entirely or in part. The substitution rate depended on the den...

  • Molecular Analyses of the Microbial Community Composition of an Anoxic Basin of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Reveal a Novel Lineage of Proteobacteria.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    Authors: Chouari R, Le Paslier D, Daegelen P, Dauga C, Weissenbach J, Sghir A A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to study prokaryotic diversity in an anoxic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Two 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed using total genomic DNA and amplified by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for archaeal or bacterial domains. Phylogenetic analysis of 132 and 249 almost full-length 16S rRNA genes for Archaea and Bacteria, respectively, was done using the ARB software package. Phylogenetic groups affiliated with the Archaea belong to Euryarchaeota (93.8% of the operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) and Crenarchaeota (6.2% of the OTUs). Within the bacterial library, 84.8% of the OTUs represent novel put...

  • Mercury resistance and accumulation in Escherichia coli with cell surface expression of fish metallothionein.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    Authors: Lin KH, Chien MF, Hsieh JL, Huang CC Recombinant tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fish metallothionein (MT) was used as a surface biosorbent for mercury removal in Escherichia coli. Fish MT conferred better resistance than did mouse or human MT. When tilapia MT (tMT) was fused with an outer-membrane protein, outer membrane protein C (OmpC), the membrane-targeted fusion protein, OmpC-tMT, gave enhanced resistance compared with cytoplasmic tMT expressed in the same host cell. The cytoplasmically expressed tMT showed high mercury adsorption (4.3 +/- 0.4 mg/g cell dry weight). The cell surface that expressed E. coli showed about 25% higher adsorption ability (5.6 +/- 0.4 mg/g) than the cells expressing cytoplasmic MT, attaining almost twice the level of adsorption of the control ...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Recombinant expression of BTA hydrolase in Streptomyces rimosus and catalytic analysis on polyesters by surface plasmon resonance.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    This study demonstrated the use of streptomycetes as an alternative expression system for production of the multi-polyester-degrading enzyme of actinomycete origin and provided insights on its catalytic properties on surface degradation contributing to further biotechnological application of this enzyme. PMID: 20174792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology)

  • Current approaches for the assessment of in situ biodegradation.

    Updated: 2010-02-19 23:00:00
    Authors: Bombach P, Richnow HH, Kästner M, Fischer A Considering the high costs and technical difficulties associated with conventional remediation strategies, in situ biodegradation has become a promising approach for cleaning up contaminated aquifers. To verify if in situ biodegradation of organic contaminants is taking place at a contaminated site and to determine if these processes are efficient enough to replace conventional cleanup technologies, a comprehensive characterization of site-specific biodegradation processes is essential. In recent years, several strategies including geochemical analyses, microbial and molecular methods, tracer tests, metabolite analysis, compound-specific isotope analysis, and in situ microcosms have been developed to investigate the relevance of...

  • Week 4 Review

    Updated: 2010-02-19 16:11:19
    Important Chemistry — the review  outline is in Week 3 Review Eukaryotic Cell Structure Know the structures found within eukaryotic cells: their physical structure their chemical composition their function within the cell Be able to draw and label a eukaryotic cell diagram; be familiar with the diagram in the text. Be able to explain the structure and function of [...]

  • Establishment and development of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria microbiota in breast-milk and the infant gut.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Solís G, de Los Reyes-Gavilan CG, Fernández N, Margolles A, Gueimonde M The initial establishment of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria in the newborn and the role of breast-milk as a source of these microorganisms are not yet well understood. The establishment of these microorganisms during the first 3 months of life in 20 vaginally delivered breast-fed full-term infants, and the presence of viable Bifidobacterium in the corresponding breast-milk samples was evaluated. In 1 day-old newborns Enterococcus and Streptococcus were the microorganisms most frequently isolated, from 10 days of age until 3 months bifidobacteria become the predominant group. In breast-milk, Streptococcus was the genus most frequently isolated and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium w...

  • Autonomous growth of isolated single L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium cells in the absence of growth factors and intercellular contact.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Roeder B, Wagner M, Rossmanith P The aim of this study was to observe growth of isolated single bacterial cells in the absence of growth factors and intercellular contact. In order to exclude stochastic uncertainties induced by dilution series, a new micromanipulation method was developed to ensure explicit results under visual control. This was performed with particular care for production of single prokaryotic cells and subsequent investigation of their autonomous growth. Over 450 single isolated Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium cells were investigated in lag-, log-, and stationary growth phases including thoroughly washing of the cells. The proportion of living cells within the initial cultures was compared to the proportion...

  • GlnR-mediated acid-repression of glutamine/glutamate metabolism clusters in Streptococcus mutans.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    In this study, the role of GlnR in acid-mediated gene repression that affects the adaptive ATR in S. mutans was investigated. Using a whole genome microarray and in silico analyses we demonstrated that GlnR and GlnR box (ATGTNAN7TNACAT) were involved in the transcriptional repression of glutamine/glutamate metabolism clusters under acidic challenge. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the coordinated regulation of GlnR regulon occurred 5-min post acid treatment, and prolonged acid-exposure (30 min) resulted in further reduction in expression. A lower but consistent reduction level in response to acidic pH was also observed in chemostat-grown cells, confirming the negative regulation of GlnR. The repression by GlnR through the GlnR box in response to acidic pH was further confirmed in citBZC oper...

  • Combinations of Amino Acid Changes in the Family 9 Catalytic Domain and Family 3c Cellulose Binding Module of Thermobifida fusca Cel9A Can Increase Crystalline Cellulose Activity.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Li Y, Irwin DC, Wilson DB Amino acid modifications of the Thermobifida fusca Cel9A-68 catalytic domain or carbohydrate binding module 3c (CBM3c) were combined to create enzymes with changed amino acids in both domains. Bacterial crystalline cellulose (BC) and swollen cellulose (SWC) assays of the expressed and purified enzymes showed that three combinations resulted in 150% and 200% increased activity respectively and also increased synergistic activity with other cellulases. Several other combinations resulted in drastically lowered activity giving insight into the need for a balance between the binding in the catalytic cleft on either side of the cleavage site as well as coordination between binding affinity to the catalytic domain and the CBM3c. The same combinations of ami...

  • The Effects of Polyphosphate Additives on Campylobacter Survival in Processed Chicken Exudates.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Gunther NW Campylobacter spp. are responsible for a large number of the bacterial food poisoning cases worldwide. Despite being sensitive to oxygen and nutritionally fastidious, Campylobacter spp. are able to survive in food processing environments and reach consumers in sufficient numbers to cause disease. To investigate Campylobacter's persistence on processed chicken, exudates from chickens produced for consumer sale were collected and sterilized. Two types of exudates from chicken products were collected: enhanced, where a marinade was added to the chickens during processing, or non-enhanced, where no additives were added during processing. Exudates from enhanced chicken products examined in this study contained a mixture of polyphosphates. Exudate samples were inoculated ...

  • Surface display of metal fixation motif of bacterial P1-ATPases specifically promotes biosorption of Pb2+ by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Kotrba P, Ruml T Biosorption of metal ions may take place by different passive metal-sequestering processes such as ion-exchange, complexation, physical entrapment, inorganic microprecipitation or their combination. To improve the biosorption capacity of the potential yeast biosorbent, short metal-binding NP peptides (harboring the CXXEE metal fixation motif of the bacterial Pb(2+)-transporting P1-ATPases) were efficiently displayed and covalently anchored to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These were fusions to the carboxyl-terminal part of the sexual adhesion glycoprotein alpha-agglutinin (AGalpha1Cp). Compared to yeast cells displaying the anchoring domain only, those having a surface display of NP peptides multiplied their Pb(2+) biosorption capacity from soluti...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Identification of multiresistant Salmonella capable of subsisting on antibiotics.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    This study assessed the ability of Salmonella (572 isolates) to subsist on 12 different antibiotics. The majority (11/12) of the antibiotics enabled subsistence for at least one of 140 isolates. Furthermore, 40 isolates were able to subsist on more than one antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic subsistence do not appear to be equivalent. PMID: 20173063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

  • Bacterial and protozoal communities and fatty acid profile in the rumen of sheep fed a diet containing added tannins.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    This study evaluated the effects of tannins on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) due to shifts in ruminal microbial environment in sheep. Thirteen lambs (45 d of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments: seven lambs were fed a barley-based concentrate (control group), while the other six lambs received the same concentrate with supplemental quebracho tannins (9.57% on a DM basis). At 122 days of age, the lambs were slaughtered, the ruminal content was subjected to fatty acids analysis and sampled to quantify populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which also converts C18:2 c9c12 (linoleic acid, LA) to C18:2 c9t11 (rumenic acid, RA) and then RA to C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid, VA); we also sampled for Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, which converts VA to C18:0 (stearic acid, SA). Tannins increas...

  • Rickettsia Symbionts Cause Parthenogenetic Reproduction in the Parasitoid Wasp Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Giorgini M, Bernardo U, Monti MM, Nappo AG, Gebiola M Bacteria in the genus Rickettsia are intracellular symbionts of disparate groups of organisms. Some Rickettsia infect vertebrate animals and plants, where they cause diseases, but most are vertically-inherited symbionts of invertebrates. In insects Rickettsia are known to exert diverse effects on hosts, ranging from influencing host fitness to causing reproductive manipulations. Here, we provide evidence for a Rickettsia that causes thelytokous parthenogenesis (mothers produce only daughters from unfertilized eggs) in a parasitoid wasp, Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Feeding antibiotics to thelytokous female wasps resulted in the production of almost entirely male progeny. Cloning and sequencing of a fragment o...

  • Promotion of Efficient Saccharification with Aspergillus fumigatus AfSwo1 Towards Crystalline Cellulose.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    In this study we cloned a gene encoding a swollenin-like protein from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, and designated the gene as Afswo1. AfSwo1 has a bimodular structure composed of a carbohydrate-binding module family 1 (CBM1) domain and a plant expansin-like domain. AfSwo1 was produced using Aspergillus oryzae as a heterologous expression and easily isolated by cellulose-affinity chromatography. AfSwo1 exhibited weak endoglucanase activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and bound not only to crystalline cellulose Avicel but also to chitin, while showing no detectable affinity to xylan. Treatment by AfSwo1 caused disruption of Avicel into smaller particles without any detectable reducing sugar. Furthermore, simultaneous incubation of AfSwo1 with a cellulase mixture f...

  • Characterization of a Novel LysM Domain from Lactobacillus fermentum Bacteriophage Endolysin and Its Use as an Anchor to Display Heterologous Proteins on the Surface of Lactic Acid Bacteria.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Hu S, Kong J, Kong W, Guo T, Ji M The endolysin Lyb5, from Lactobacillus fermentum temperate bacteriophage varphiPYB5, showed a broad lytic spectrum against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. Sequence analysis revealed that the C terminus of the endolysin Lyb5 (Ly5C) contained three putative LysM repeated regions, implying that Ly5C was involved in bacterial cell wall binding. To investigate the potential of Ly5C for surface display, the green fluorescent protein (gfp) was fused to Ly5C at its N terminus or C terminus and the resulting fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. After mixed with various cells in vitro, the GFP was successfully displayed on the surface of Lactococcus lactis, Lb. casei, Lb. brevis, Lb. plantarum, Lb. fermentum, Lb. delbruec...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • A Cre-lox based method for generation of large deletions within the genomic magnetosome island of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Ullrich S, Schüler D Magnetosome biomineralization and magnetotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria is controlled by numerous, mostly unknown gene functions that are predominantly encoded by several operons located within the genomic magnetosome island. Genetic analysis of magnetotactic bacteria has remained difficult and requires the development of novel tools. We established a Cre-lox based deletion method which allows the excision of large genomic fragments in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Two conjugative suicide plasmids harboring lox sites that flanked the target region were subsequently inserted into the chromosome by homologous recombination, requiring only one single-crossover event, respectively, and resulting in a double cointegrate. Excision of the targeted chrom...

  • The C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor Rua1 activates the ustilagic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Ustilago maydis.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Teichmann B, Liu L, Schink KO, Bölker M The phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago maydis secretes under conditions of nitrogen starvation large amounts of the biosurfactant ustilagic acid (UA). This secreted cellobiose glycolipid is toxic for many microorganisms and confers biocontrol activity to U. maydis. Recently, a large gene cluster was identified, which is responsible for UA biosynthesis. Here we show that expression of all cluster genes depends on Rua1, a nuclear protein of the C2H2 zinc finger family, whose gene is located within the gene cluster. While deletion of rua1 results in complete loss of UA production, over-expression of rua1 promotes increased UA synthesis even in the presence of a good nitrogen source. Bioinformatic analysis allowed us to ide...

  • Thiosulfate-dependent chemolithoautotrophic growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Masuda S, Eda S, Ikeda S, Mitsui H, Minamisawa K Thiosulfate-oxidizing sox gene homologues were found at four loci (I, II, III, and IV) on the genome of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium in soil. In fact, B. japonicum USDA110 can oxidize thiosulfate and grow under a chemolithotrophic condition. The deletion mutation of the soxY1 gene at sox locus I, homologous to the sulfur-oxidizing (Sox) system in Alphaproteobacteria, left B. japonicum unable to oxidize thiosulfate and grow under chemolithotrophic conditions, whereas the deletion mutation of the soxY2 gene at sox locus II, homologous to the Sox system in green sulfur bacteria, produced phenotypes similar to wild-type USDA110. Thiosulfate-dependent O2 respiration was observed only in USDA...

  • Impact of endochitinase-transformed white spruce on soil fungal biomass and ectendomycorrhizal symbiosis.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Stefani FO, Tanguay P, Pelletier G, Piché Y, Hamelin RC The impact of transgenic white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) containing the endochitinase gene (ech42) on soil fungal biomass and on the ectendomycorrhizal fungus Wilcoxina spp. was tested in a greenhouse trial. The level of endochitinase measured in roots of transgenic white spruce was up to ten times higher than in roots of non-transformed white spruce. The level of endochitinase in root exudates of three out of four ech42-transformed lines was significantly enhanced compared with controls. Soil ergosterol analysis showed fungal biomass in soil samples from control white spruce to be slightly higher than in soil samples from ech42-transformed white spruce. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically s...

  • Ichip for high-throughput in situ cultivation of "uncultivable" microbial species.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Nichols D, Cahoon N, Trakhtenberg EM, Pham L, Mehta A, Belanger A, Kanigan T, Lewis K, Epstein SS One of the oldest unresolved microbiological phenomena is why only a small fraction of microbial diversity grows on artificial media. The "uncultivable" microbial majority arguably represents our planet's largest unexplored pool of biological and chemical novelty. Previously we showed that species from this pool could be grown inside diffusion chambers incubated in situ, likely because diffusion provides microorganisms with their naturally occurring growth factors. Here we utilize this approach and develop a novel high throughput platform for parallel cultivation and isolation of previously uncultivated microbial species from a variety of environments. We have designed and tested ...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Mixed Microbial Granular Biofilms Immobilize and Reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III)-phosphate.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Nancharaiah YV, Dodge C, Venugopalan VP, Narasimhan SV, Francis AJ We assessed the potential of mixed microbial consortia, in the form of granular biofilms, to reduce chromate and remove it from synthetic minimal medium. In batch experiments, acetate-fed granular biofilms incubated aerobically reduced 0.2 mM of Cr (VI) from a minimal medium at 0.15 mM d(-1) g(-1), and 0.17 mM d(-1) g(-1) under anaerobic conditions. There was negligible removal of Cr(VI) (i) without granular biofilms, (ii) with lyophilized granular biofilms, and, (iii) with granules in the absence of an electron donor. Analyses by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) of the granular biofilms revealed the conversion of soluble Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysi...

  • A new efficient recombinant expression system to engineer Candida antarctica lipase B.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Emond S, Montanier C, Nicaud JM, Marty A, Monsan P, André I, Remaud-Siméon M Here we report the use of Yarrowia lipolytica as a versatile expression host for developing protein engineering approaches to modify the properties of Candida antarctica lipase B. A reliable screening protocol was defined and validated using a saturation mutagenesis library, yielding mutants displaying higher catalytic efficiencies than the wild-type enzyme. PMID: 20173074 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

  • AiiM, a novel class of N-acylhomoserine lactonase from the leaf-associated bacteria, Microbacterium testaceum.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    In conclusion, this study indicated that AiiM might be effective in quenching quorum sensing of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. PMID: 20173075 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

  • Litoreibacter albidus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Litoreibacter janthinus sp. nov., two novel members of the class Alphaproteobacteria isolated from the Sea of Japan seashore.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Romanenko LA, Tanaka N, Frolova GM, Svetashev VI, Mikhailov VV Two Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacteria designated KMM 3851T and KMM 3842T were isolated from a sandy snail Umbonium costatum specimen and from its surrounding sediments collected simultaneously from the Sea of Japan seashore, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strains KMM 3851T and KMM 3842T within the Roseobacter lineage of the class Alphaproteobacteria as a separate phylogenetic line adjacent to the members of the genus Thalassobacter. These novel isolates shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.5% and a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 15 %. The major isoprenoid quinones of both strains were Q-10 and polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Methanobacterium arcticum sp. nov., methanogenic archaeon from Holocene Arctic permafrost.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Shcherbakova VA, Rivkina EM, Pecheritsyna SA, Laurinavichius KS, Suzina NE, Gilichinsky DA Strain M2(T) a 3-6 mum long and 0.45-0.5 mum wide mesophilic, non-motile hydrogenotrophic rod-shape methanogen, was isolated from Holocene permafrost sediments of Kolyma lowland, Russian Arctic. Strain M2(T) grew on H(2)+CO(2) and formate at optimum temperature 37 degrees C, pH 7.0-7.2 and NaCl concentration of 0.1 M. The DNA G+C content is 38.1 mol.%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene comparison with sequences of known methanogens, strain M2(T) could be affiliated to the genus Methanobacterium with close relatives Methanobacterium veterum and Methanobacterium bryantii (99% similarity). However, no significant DNA-DNA hybridization was observed between genomic DNA of strain M2(T ) and phylog...

  • Methanobacterium petrolearium sp. nov. and Methanobacterium ferruginis sp. nov., novel mesophilic methanogens isolated from salty environments.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Mori K, Harayama S Two methane-producing archaea designated as strains Mic5c12(T) and Mic6c05(T) were isolated from sludge deposited in a crude oil storage tank and a tubercle on the interior of a pipe transporting natural gas-containing brine, respectively. The strains were variably Gram-stained non-motile rods and grew only on H(2)/CO(2). Strain Mic6c05(T) produced methane from some alcohols without showing any growth: this characteristic was not observed in strain Mic5c12(T). The optimum growth conditions for strain Mic5c12(T) were a temperature of 35 degrees C, pH 6.5, and 0-0.68 M NaCl; those for strain Mic6c05(T) were a temperature of 40 degrees C, pH6.0-7.5, and 0.34 M NaCl. Strain Mic5c12(T) was halotolerant, whereas Mic6c05(T) was halophilic. Comparative 16S rRNA gene...

  • Thiomonas islandica sp. nov., a novel moderately thermophilic hydrogen and sulfur oxidizing betaproteobacterium isolated from an Icelandic hot spring.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Vésteinsdóttir H, Reynisdóttir DB, Orlygsson J A novel, hydrogen and sulfur oxidizing bacterium, strain 6CT, was isolated from a hot spring in Graendalur, SW-Iceland. Cells of this organism were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile. The strain was aerobic, capable of chemolithotrophic growth on thiosulfate and hydrogen, heterotrophic growth on pyruvate, oxalate and acetate and on glutamate in the presence of yeast extract and mixotrophic growth on several organic compounds with thiosulfate and/or hydrogen. During growth on thiosulfate, the final product was sulfate, resulting in pH dropping from 6.8 to 2.7. Heterotrophic growth on pyruvate was observed at pH values between 4.0 and 7.0 and temperatures between 35 and 50 degrees C, optimum growth conditions were a...

  • Jiangella muralis sp. nov., from the indoor environment.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Kämpfer P, Schäfer J, Lodders N, Martin K A Gram-positive, non spore forming actinobacterium (15-Je-017T) isolated from the wall material of an indoor environment was studied for its taxonomic position. The isolate formed a rudimentary substrate-mycelium that fragments into rod-shaped cells. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 15-Je-017T was shown to belong to the genus Jiangella closely related to Jiangella alba DSM 45237T (99.7 %), Jiangella alkaliphila DSM 45079T (99.0 %) and Jiangella gansuensis DSM 44835T (99.0%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), whole cell hydrolysates contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall and the main sugars rhamnose and glucose were detected. Mycolic acids were ...

  • Miniimonas arenae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sea sand.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Ue H, Matsuo Y, Kasai H, Yokota A A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod and coccoid, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain YM18-15T, was isolated from sea sand and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. YM18-15T was grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain YM18-15T was A4beta ornithine was the diagnostics diamino acid. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid, MK-8(H4) as major menaquinone and anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0 as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 74.2 mol%. High 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96.3-97.3 %) were found to the sequence of the type strains of the three genera of the family Beutenbergiaceae. Phylogenetic a...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Anoxybacillus tengchongensis sp. nov. and Anoxybacillus eryuanensis sp. nov., two novel facultatively anaerobic, alkalitolerant bacteria from hot springs in Yunnan, China.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Zhang CM, Huang XW, Pan WZ, Zhang J, Wei KB, Klenk HP, Tang SK, Li WJ, Zhang KQ Two new thermophilic spore-forming bacterial strains T-11T and E-112T were isolated from the hot springs in Tengchong and Eryuan counties of Yunnan province, South-West China. The two strains were Gram staining positive, rod-shaped, occurring singly or in chains. Growth of the strain T-11T was observed between 30 and 75 degrees C (optimum 50 degrees C), and at pH 7-11 (optimum pH 8.5); while the temperature range for the strain E-112T growth was from 35 to 70 degrees C (optimum 55 degrees C), and pH range from 7.0 to 11.0 (optimum 8.0). The G+C content of strains T-11T and E-112T were 41.1 mol% and 42.6 mol%, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, both of the two strains h...

  • Nocardioides caricicola sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from a halophyte, Carex scabrifolia Steud.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Song GC, Yasir M, Bibi F, Chung EJ, Jeon CO, Chung YR A Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YC6903T, was isolated from a halophytic plant (Carex scabrifolia Steud.) collected from sand dunes on Namhae Island, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strain YC6903T grew optimally at 30 degrees C and at pH 8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YC6903T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae. The most closely related species were Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T (97.0 %), Nocardioides dokdonensis FR1436T (96.6 %), Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T (96.6 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was LL-diaminopimelic acid ...

  • Description of Neisseria wadsworthii sp. nov. and Neisseria shayeganii sp. nov. isolated from clinical specimens.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Wolfgang WJ, Carpenter AN, Cole JA, Gronow S, Habura A, Jose S, Nazarian EJ, Kohlerschmidt DJ, Limberger R, Schoonmaker-Bopp D, Spröer C, Musser KA An analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from archived clinical reference specimens has identified two new Neisseria species: Neisseria wadsworthii sp. nov. and Neisseria shayeganii sp. nov. For each species, two strains from independent sources have been identified. The closest valid species to both new organisms are Neisseria canis, N. dentiae, N. zoodegmatis, N. animaloris, and N. weaveri. DNA-DNA hybridization studies demonstrate that the new isolates are distinct species from these nearest phylogenetic neighbors. A partial 23S rRNA gene sequence for the new strains and their nearest neighbors also provides additional suppor...

  • Spirochaeta perfilievii sp. nov., oxygen-tolerant, sulfide oxidizing, sulfur and thiosulfate-reducing spirochete isolated from a saline spring.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Dubinina G, Grabovich M, Leshcheva N, Rainey FA, Gavrish E A new strain of fermenting, aerotolerant, chemoorganoheterotrophic spirochete PT was isolated from a sulfur 'Thiodendron' mat in a saline spring at the Staraya Russa resort (Novgorod Region, Russia). Cells of the strain PT exhibited helical shape. The spirochete required sulfide in the growth medium and was able to non-enzymatically, via interaction of toxic product H2O2 with sulfide, oxidize it to elemental sulfur, which was deposited in the periplasmic space. Growth occurred within the temperature range 4-32 degrees C (optimum at 28-30 degrees C), pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum 7.0-7.5), and NaCl concentration 0.1-1 M (optimum 0.4 M). The isolate used several sugars and polysaccharides as carbon or energy sources, but not pepti...

  • Sporosalibacterium faouarense gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated soil of south Tunisia.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Rezgui R, Ben Ali Gam Z, Ben Hamed S, Fardeau ML, Cayol JL, Maaroufi A, Labat M A novel strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic and mesophilic bacterium, designated strain SOL3f37T, was isolated from a hydrocarbon-polluted soil surrounding a deep petroleum environment located in south Tunisia. Cells of strain SOL3f37T stained Gram positive, motile, straight, and spore-forming. Strain SOL3f37T showed an non-thick, non-multilayered, typical Gram-positive-type cell wall structure. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (41 %), iso-C14:0 3-OH (21.6 %), iso-C13:0 (4.4 %), anteiso-C15:0 (3.9 %) and iso-C15:1 (2.8 %). Strain SOL3f37T grew between 20 and 48 degrees C (optimum 40 degrees C) and at pH 6.2 to 8.1 (optimum 6.9). Strain SOL3f37T was not found to require more than 0.5 g l-1...MedWorm Message:</b Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Streptomyces lacticiproducens sp. nov., a lactic acid-producing streptomycete isolated from tomato roots soil in Guangzhou, China.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Zhu HH, Yao Q, Yang SZ, Li ZK, Guo J An actinomycete, designated as strain GIMN4.001T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato in Guangzhou, China. It produced greyish-white aerial mycelia, lactic acid and a large quantity of double diamond-shaped crystals on potato dextrose agar and yeast extract-malt extract agar (ISP 2). The colour of the substrate mycelium, was not sensitive to pH. Microscopic observations revealed that GIMN4.001T produced verticillate chains of cylindrical spores and chemotaxonomic data confirmed that GIMN4.001T belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Melanin pigments were not produced. No antibacterial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis or Candida albicans, but inhibitory activity was observed ag...

  • Effects of long-term addition of Cu(II) and Ni(II) on the biochemical properties of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactors.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    This study investigated the individual toxic effects of long-term addition of Cu(II) and Ni(II) on the biochemical properties of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The biochemical properties of aerobic granules were characterized by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content, dehydrogenase activity, microbial community biodiversity, and SBR performance. One SBR was used as a control system, while another two received respective concentration of Cu(II) and Ni(II) equal to 5 mg/L initially and increased to 15 mg/L on day 27. Results showed that the addition of Cu(II) drastically reduced the biomass concentration, bioactivity, and biodiversity of aerobic granules, and certainly deteriorated the treatment performance. The toxic effect of Ni(II) on the biodiversity of a...

  • Biological control of microbial attachment: a promising alternative for mitigating membrane biofouling.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Xiong Y, Liu Y Microbial attachment to a solid surface is a universal phenomenon occurring in both natural and engineering systems and is responsible for various types of biofouling. Membrane systems have been widely applied in drinking water production, wastewater reuse, and seawater desalination. However, membrane biofouling is the bottleneck that limits the development of membrane systems. In this review, some biological control strategies of microbial attachment which would have great potential in alleviating membrane biofouling are discussed, including inhibition of quorum sensing system, nitric oxide-induced biofilm dispersal, enzymatic disruption of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA, inhibition of microbial attachment by energy uncoupling, use of cell wal...

  • Mineralization of s-triazine herbicides by a newly isolated Nocardioides species strain DN36.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Satsuma K A novel s-triazine-mineralizing bacterium-Nocardioides sp. strain DN36-was isolated from paddy field soil treated with ring-U-(14)C-labeled simetryn ([(14)C]simetryn) in a model paddy ecosystem (microcosm). In a tenfold-diluted R2A medium, strain DN36 liberated (14)CO(2) from not only [(14)C]simetryn but also three ring-U-(14)C-labeled s-triazines: atrazine, simazine, and propazine. We found that DN36 mineralized ring-U-(14)C-cyanuric acid added as an initial substrate, indicating that the bacterium mineralized s-triazine herbicides via a common metabolite, namely, cyanuric acid. Strain DN36 harbored a set of genes encoding previously reported s-triazine-degrading enzymes (TrzN-AtzB-AtzC), and it also transformed ametryn, prometryn, dimethametryn, atraton, simeton, a...

  • A novel family 9 beta-1,3(4)-glucanase from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 with potential applications in the brewing industry.

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Authors: Bai Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Shi P, Luo H, Huang H, Luo C, Yao B An endo-beta-1,3(4)-glucanase gene, Agl9A, was cloned from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Its deduced amino acid sequence shared the highest identity (48%) with an endo-beta-1,4-glucansae from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius that belongs to family 9 of the glycoside hydrolases. The purified recombinant Agl9A exhibited relatively wide substrate specificity, including lichenan (109%), barley beta-glucan (100%), CMC-Na (15.02%), and laminarin (6.19%). The optimal conditions for Agl9A activity were pH 5.8 and 55 degrees C. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range (>60% activity retained after 1-h incubation at pH 3.8-11.2) and at 60 degrees C (>70% activity retained after 1-h incubation...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm <bSwine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Bacterial diversity and reductive dehalogenase redundancy in a 1,2-dichloroethane-degrading bacterial consortium enriched from a contaminated aquifer

    Updated: 2010-02-18 23:00:00
    Conclusions: The overall data indicate that the enriched bacterial consortium shares the metabolic functionality between different members of the microbial community and is characterized by a high functional redundancy. These are fundamental features for the maintenance of the community's functionality, especially under stress conditions and suggest the feasibility of a bioremediation treatment with a potential prompt dehalogenation and a process stability over time. (Source: Microbial Cell Factories)

  • Global regulation by the seven-component P(i) signaling system.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    We describe a revised model for P(i) signal transduction of the E. coli Pho regulon. PMID: 20171928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Opinion in Microbiology)

  • Construction of a Bacillus thuringiensis engineered strain with high toxicity and broad pesticidal spectrum against coleopteran insects.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    Authors: Liu J, Yan G, Shu C, Zhao C, Liu C, Song F, Zhou L, Ma J, Zhang J, Huang D A newly engineered strain, denominated BIOT185, was constructed through integrating the cry8Ca2 gene into the endogenous plasmid of BT185 (contains cry8Ea1) by homologous recombination. The thermosensitive plasmid vector was eliminated by the rising temperature of recombinant cultures. No antibiotic gene or other unnecessary genes were introduced to the new strain. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry8Ca2 gene was expressed normally and produced a 130-kDa protein in the BIOT185 strain. Bioassay results showed that the new strain had high toxicity to the pests Anomala corpulenta and Holotrichia parallela, which often damage the same...

  • Molecular mechanisms of compounds affecting bacterial biofilm formation and dispersal.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    In this report, we review selected examples of target-based screening for anti-biofilm agents: We focus on inhibitors of quorum sensing, possibly the most characterized target for molecules with anti-biofilm activity, and on compounds interfering with the metabolism of the signal molecule cyclic di-GMP metabolism and on inhibitors of DNA and nucleotide biosynthesis, which represent a novel and promising class of biofilm inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the activation of biofilm dispersal as a novel mode of action for anti-biofilm compounds. PMID: 20165945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology)

  • Enzymatic fragmentation of the antimicrobial peptides casocidin and isracidin by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    Authors: Somkuti GA, Paul M The cumulative effect of peptidase and protease activities associated with cells of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB) was evaluated on the milk protein-based antimicrobial peptides casocidin and isracidin. Reaction mixtures of casocidin or isracidin and nonproliferating mid-log cells of these essential yogurt starter cultures were individually incubated for up to 4 h at pH 4.5 and 7.0, and samples removed at various time points were analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Both casocidin and isracidin remained largely unchanged following exposure to cell suspensions of ST or LB strains at pH 4.5. Casocidin was extensively degraded by both ST and LB stra...MedWorm Message: Get the very latest Swine Flu news via the MedWorm Swine Flu RSS news feed - updated hourly from thousands of authoritative health and news sources.

  • Application of VNTR typing to describe familial outbreaks of brucellosis in Argentina.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    This report describes two foodborne outbreaks which occurred in families infected after consumption of fresh home-made cheese bought in different Argentine provinces. Similar clinical findings in members of the same family could indicate that the differential virulence of different bacterial clones, as indicated by variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) data, could have influenced the course of the disease. High resolution VNTR based analysis revealed two well-defined groups comprising essentially identical profiles and corresponding to the two different outbreaks. We observed the importance of adequate treatment in early stages of the disease; combination therapy and extended treatment for 6 weeks or longer yielded significantly better results. The risk of the foodborne transmission of t...

  • DnaK from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is a surface exposed human plasminogen receptor up-regulated in response to bile salts.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    Authors: Candela M, Centanni M, Fiori J, Biagi E, Turroni S, Orrico C, Bergmann S, Hammerschmidt S, Brigidi P The Bifidobacterium species B. animalis subsp. lactis lives in the gastrointestinal tract of most mammals, including humans. Recently, for the probiotic strain B. animalis subsp. lactis BI07 a dose-dependent plasminogen-binding activity was demonstrated and five putative plasminogen-binding proteins were identified. Here we investigated the role of surface DnaK as a B. animalis subsp. lactis BI07 plasminogen receptor. DnaK was visualized on the bacterial cell surface by transmission electron microscopy. The His-tagged recombinant DnaK protein showed a high affinity for human plasminogen with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the nanomolar range. The capability to tolerate...

  • A new small regulatory protein, HmuP, modulates hemin acquisition in Sinorhizobium meliloti.

    Updated: 2010-02-17 23:00:00
    Authors: Amarelle V, Koziol U, Rosconi F, Noya F, O'Brian MR, Fabiano E Sinorhizobium meliloti has multiple systems for iron acquisition, including the use of heme as iron source. Heme internalization involves the ShmR heme-outer membrane receptor and the hmuTUV locus that participates in heme transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Previous studies demonstrate that expression of shmR gene is negatively regulated by iron through RirA. Here, we identify hmuP in a genetic screen for mutants that displayed aberrant control of shmR. The normal induction of shmR in response to iron limitation was lost in the hmuP mutant, showing that this gene positively affects shmR expression. Moreover, HmuP protein is not part of the hemin transporter system. Analysis of gene expression and siderophor...

  • Week 3 Review

    Updated: 2010-02-14 15:28:06
    Importance of Infectious Diseases World-Wide Be able to illustrate (give examples) and explain the two major points of the lecture on the importance of infectious diseases world-wide based on the 1999 WHO article (link to which is available in the lecture schedule found on-line). Be able to give details in explaining the bar [...]

  • 4,000 year old genome sequenced

    Updated: 2010-02-10 21:49:25
    An article in the February 11, 2010, issue of Nature describes the sequencing of the complete genome of a 4,000-year old Eskimo (Saqqaq). This is by far the oldest complete genome ever published (only 8 human genomes have been reported so far). The article can be accessed here. What's interesting is the kind of information we can derive about this individual from such data: 1. He was of blood type A+ 2. Had a high likelihood of going bald 3. He had dark hair 4. Had dry e...

  • SSSPG - 2010 Winners Announcement

    Updated: 2010-02-10 10:58:19
    /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:1...

  • I am collecting the data that those patient treated with traditional medicine

    Updated: 2010-02-09 10:14:57
    today,I tell my really meaning that I told before.the patient that have liver cancer I told is only one example I met.otherwise,that after I will find some another samples.it is of cause that for my theory and reality I want. now I have a another patient that ...

  • Genetics Background for Molecular Biology

    Updated: 2010-02-06 23:29:44
    Understanding that genes code for proteins and proteins function as enzymes is the foundation for basic genetics (dominance, phenotype) and molecular biology.

  • Week 2 Review

    Updated: 2010-02-05 18:35:07
    Kingdom Protista — Protozoa and Algae Know the characteristics that apply to all members of this kingdom. Protozoa: Be sure to review the basics of Parasitology and its associated terms. Know the characteristics of the Protozoa. In general be able to describe how protozoans cause disease.  Be able to give specific examples. Know the life cycle of [...]

  • What Is a Bacterial Growth Medium?

    Updated: 2010-02-05 14:26:16
    In order to grow bacteria in a laboratory setting, microbes need nutrients, moisture and a suitable pH. Here is a summary of several types of bacterial growth media.

  • Famous paper linking the MMR vaccine to autism retracted

    Updated: 2010-02-02 23:14:54
    The Lancet has retracted the 1998 study linking autism with inoculation against three childhood illnesses, a paper that caused a furor in the research and medicine community and panic and a lasting general backlash against not only the combination MMR vaccination, but childhood immunization programs in general that has still to recover today. Original article http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(97)11096-0/fulltext The retraction of the a...

  • Grants Fund UI Projects Aiming to Improve Cancer Therapies

    Updated: 2010-02-01 13:57:35
    Two research teams at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine have received Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center Seed Grants for Translational Project Development and Clinical Trials. Both awards, which were effective Jan. 1, will lead to studies involving patients with cancers. One team received $20,000 in support of a clinical trial on whether a drug [...]

Current Feed Items | Previous Months Items

Jan 2010 | Dec 2009 | Nov 2009 | Oct 2009 | Sep 2009